Polyesters bearing polyethylenimine terminal groups

ABSTRACT

Polyesters represented by the general structure   USEFUL AS FILM-FORMERS IN COATING COMPOSITIONS.

I United States Patent [1 1 on 3,882,088 Thompson May 6, 1975 POLYESTERS BEARING [56] References Cited POLYETHYLENIMINE TERMINAL GROUPS UNITED STATES TS Inventor: Darrell h ps me il 2,977,385 3/1961 Fowler et al 260/475 NJ. 3,169,945 2/1965 Hostcttler et a1. 260/783 3,375,23] 3/l968 Fukui et al 260/783 [73] Asslgnee: Nemw" 3,730,807 5/1973 Smith etal I56/33l Company, Wilmington, Del.

[22] Filed: Apr. 5, 1972 Primary Examiner-Morris Liebman [2|] APPL Nu: 241,401 AS81814"! ExammerE. A. Nelson Related US. Application Data [57] ABSTRACT [63] Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 776,822, Nov. 18,

[968 abandoned and Se,- No- 120,770 March 3' Polyesters represented by the general structure 197 l abandoned.

52 us. 0...... 260/75 N; 106/308 M; 260/783 R; {*1 i 3* 260/471 C; 260/473 R; 260/475 P; 260/823;

260/860 R N is}! CH2 N j 2 B [51] Int. Cl COSg 17/14 [58] Field of Search 260/783, 75 N, 823, 860, useful as film-fon'ners in coating compositions.

260/471 C, 473 R, 475 P 3 Claims, No Drawings POLYESTERS BEARING POLYETHYLENIMINE TERMINAL GROUPS CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 776,822, filed Nov. 18, 1968, now abandoned, and application Ser. No. 120,770, filed Mar. 3, l971, also abandoned.

STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to polyesters. It is more particularly directed to polyesters represented by the structure CH-- CH2 N UTILITY The polymers of the invention are useful as filmformers in coating compositions, particularly when combined with a second polymer having complementary reactive groups. Illustrative of such second polymers are heat reactive phenolics, polyglycidyl ethers and esters, polyisocyanate resins, butylated urea/formaldehyde resins and melamine/formaldehyde/alkanol res- The polymers of the invention can be used as filmformers by mixing from about 55 to about 95 parts of the polymer with from about 5 to 45 parts of the second complementary polymer, in a suitable solvent. This solution can then be used directly to give clear coatings or it may be pigmented as desired.

The coating composition can be applied conventionally and preferably is then baked for from about to 30 minutes at 80-200C.

The polymers of the invention are also useful as aids for dispersing solid particles in organic liquids. They are especially useful as aids for dispersing pigments in organic liquids. Illustrative of the pigments which can be dispersed are titanium dioxide, carbon black, zinc oxide, lead titanate, potassium titanate, antimony oxide, lithopone, phthalocyanine blue, toluidine red, quinacridone and the like.

Pigment dispersions made with polymers of the invention are remarkably resistant to flocculation, which gives the paints into which the dispersions are incorporated higher initial gloss, better hiding and tinting strength, and makes them resistant to color drift and gloss loss. These pigment dispersions can also be used satisfactorily with many more diverse types of paints than conventional pigment dispersions. Moreover, a dispersion made with a polymer of the invention can have a significantly higher pigment content, while retaining the same degree of fluidity, than when conventional aids are used.

The polymers of the invention can be used as pigment dispersing aids by dissolving from 0.001 to about 2.00 grams of polymer per square meter of surface of the pigment to be used, preferably 0.004 to about 0.100 gram per square meter, in an organic liquid compatible with the paint into which the pigment dispersion is to be incorporated. Illustrative of organic liquids which can be used are aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers, esters, ketones, alcohols, and mixtures of these.

' Measured by the Brunauer. Emmett and Teller nitrogen adsorption method described on page 30 of Colloidal Dispersions" by Earl K. Fischer, published by John Wiley and Sons in [950.

An appropriate amount of pigment is then added to this solution which is then subjected to shear, as by sandgrinding or ball-milling, to deagglomerate and dis perse the pigment. This pigment dispersion or mill-base can be then added directly to a paint.

Polymers of the invention preferred for use as pigment dispersing aids are those of formula (1) where B is a polycaprolactone segment, or a segment of a copolyester of an aliphatic diacid or aromatic diacid and ethylene glycol. Especially preferred are those whose preparation is shown in Examples 2-6.

The polymers of the invention are also useful for dispersing magnetic oxides such as iron oxide or chromium dioxide in compositions used to prepare mag netic tape. Use of 0.5-10 percent, by weight of such a composition, of a polymer of the invention promotes wetting of the oxide, improves adhesion of the composition to the tape substrate and improves the tapes magnetic properties. The polymer of Example 3(l) is preferred for this use.

The polymers of the invention can also be used to disperse pigments and dyes in fiber-forming polymers. They are especially useful in dispersing carbon black in polyesters, where they minimize filter clogging and enhance fiber color. The polymers of Examples 3(1) and 6 are preferred for this use.

PREPARATION OF THE POLYMERS Preparation of the polymers of the invention can be more easily shown if it is first explained that structurally the polymer molecule divides itself naturally into two or three segments.

The first of these, the B segment, is derived from a polyester or a copolyester.

The second, the Z,, segment, is a divalent organic linking radical (which may be absent) which serves only to link the other two segments of the molecule together.

The third, the

R N CH CH N segment, is derived from a polyethylenimine.

The precursors of these segments are separately prepared and then linked together by reacting them under 3 4 :iropriate conditions to form the polymers of the in- Chemistry", Sorenson and Campbell, lnterscienct- Pubition. lishers, lnc. New York, N.Y. (1961 pp. l ll-lZi and 242-247 and Polyesters and Their Applications Preparauon of the Polyester Bjorksten Research Laboratories, Inc. Reinhold Pub- ."his precursor can be prepared by any of the well- 5 lishing Corp., New York, N.Y. (1956).

3 n 01 ester-formin reactions. Illustrative ofthese v w p y g B. Preparation of the Polyethylenlmme Segment Polymerization of lactones such as propiolactone, Some of the polyethylenimines are available comcaprolactone and pivalolactone. mercially and can be used directly, without processing.

1. Condensation of hydroxy acids such as a,m-hy- 10 Those polyethylenimines which cannot be obtained droxypropionic acid, a,w-hydroxydecanoic acid commercially can be prepared according to the general and l2-hydroxystearic acid. equation l' i R R". R,

H heat pressure R2 NH 833 C CH2 lcl Ra-N Girl-CH2 H Condensation of glycol and dicarboxylic acid syswhere R R R R and a are as in formula (1).

tems such as ethylene glycol/decamethylene dicar' boxylic acid, hexamethylene glycol/succinic acid and 2,2-bishydroxyrnethylpropane/adipic acid. The polymers of the invention are made by coupling The formation of polyesters capped at both ends 25 together the previously prepared polyester and polywith hydroxyl groups should be minimized. This ethylenimine. If the terminal functional group on the can be done by controlling the stoichiometry of polyester can react directly with the polyethylenimine,

C. Linking the Polyester to the Polyethylenimine the reaction so that the acid number and the hythey can be coupled together by simply mixing stoidroxyl number of the polyester are approxichiometric amounts of each in a vessel and then heatmately equal. ing them at a temperature of 0 to l20C. for from k to 4 hours.

If the functional group on the polyester cannot react directly with the polyethylenimine, either may be modi- 3 Che] mlxture 9fd1acds ch65 35 fied by reacting it with a stoichiometric amount of an tersi dlacld a dlols a mlxmre appropriate difunctional compound so that it will react. of CllOlS and a mixture of diacids or diesters. P ferably the polyester is so modified. hese reactions, as well as others, are described in Illustrative of such a reaction (which will introduce ater detail in Preparative Methods of Polymer a -Z linking radical into the final molecule) are 0 N i .B-OH+OCN-Q CH3) B-OC-N'HQCH:

. Polymerization of epoxides with cyclic acid anhydrides in the presence of excess epoxides.

NCO NCO 0 0 VI II B o c NH-Q-CH: A n-oc-na-Qca, NCO NHC-A 0 o (2) B on c1-cH2-ca ca; B-O-CH2CH CH2 H01 0 B 0 CH -CH CH2 A B-OCH -CHCI-Iz-A i" O H H B-OH c1-c @4020. 13-00 @SO Cl llCl.

ll ll o n o o Na CO (M) 5-0 ClCHgCH-CHa B-C-0-CH2CH-CH2 HCl In these equations, A signifies the polyethylenimine added to a flask containing 1.74 parts of 2,4-toluene segment and B signifies the polyester or copolyester diisocyanate and 2 drops of dibutyl tin dilaurate, segment. heated to 100C. for 2 hours and cooled. To this mix- After one of the precursors has been reacted with the ture were then added parts of poly( N-methyl linking compound, the product and the other precursor 15 propylenimine), molecular weight 710, in 50 parts of are dissolved in a mutual solvent such as toluene and anhydrous dimethylformamide, at room temperature. refluxed for from 1 to 8 hours. The product, isolated by precipitation in methanol,

The polymer of the invention can be isolated from filtering off, followed by drying at 60C. under vacuum, this reaction mass by adding a non-solvent such as had the structure CH CH3 CH3 0 0 O H I l H ll H HN c-cH2 N C-NH N'H-C OCH2CH2C otcazlcaa methanol. The resulting precipitate is then filtered off AM 2 and purified by redissolving and precipitating it several A flask was charged with 12 parts of poly( l o and drymg It at 60 an men hydroxystearic acid) having an acid value of 25.3 mg. mosphere. of KOH/gm. resin, 400 parts of benzene and 2.1 parts The physical properties of the polymers o the f of epichlorohydrin. This solution was refluxed under tron thus prepared range from VISCOUS liquid to friable nitrogen f 1 hours and cooled Seventeen n f y are SQIUble Common Organic llqulds Such triethylenetetramine were added and refluxing was as ethyl i y b aCelOHB, continued for another 2 hours. The solution volume hexane, cyclohexane and dlmethylfol'mamlde' was reduced by evaporating the benzene on a rotating vacuum evaporator.

The resulting polymer was purified by precipitating EXAMPLES it in methanol, filtering it off, then drying it at C. The following examples are submitted so that the innd va u m. vention may be more readily understood and practiced. It had the structure OH O O H H N H ll rm CHzCHzN CHzCHCHzO C-(CHzi c 0 c-(cna cHs Those skilled in the art will no doubt be able to com- EXAMPLE 3 pose numerous variations on their central theme, such A solution of 200 parts of polycaprolactone (molecw as the attachment of innocuous substituents. It is natuat weight 3000) in 465 parts of benzene was added cfmsidered that these variations are a part of the dropwise over a two hour period to a refluxing solution of 116 parts of 2,4-toluenediisocyanate and 0.13 part in the examples all parts are by weight unless otherdibutyl tin dilaurate in parts of benzenfi mdlcated- 60 The solution was refluxed for 30 minutes, cooled and divided into 2 equal portions. EXAMPLE 1 One portion was added to 10 parts of triethylene tet ramine (molecular weight in 50 parts of dimethylformamide (l).

The second portion was added to 80 parts of polyethylenimine (molecular weight 1200) in 50 parts of dimethylformamide (ll).

Both mixtures were stirred for 1 hour at room temperature and then precipitated in methanol. The polymers were filtered off and dried in a vacuum at 60C.

A flask charged with 720 parts of freshly distilled propiolactone and 7.4 parts of anhydrous n-butanol was heated at C. for 15 hours and then cooled to 65 room temperature. On cooling. the reaction product solidified.

Seventy grams of this solid were dissolved in 200 parts of anhydrous dibutyl carbitol. This solution was Their structures were O O H H u n HNiCHz CHZN} C NH NHC where a is about 3 for I and about 23 for ll, and n is about 26.

EXAMPLE 4 CH3 O H H HN CHaCHaN} C NHQNHC EXAMPLE 5 A flask was charged with 182.5 parts of adipic acid, 125.4 parts of propylene glycol and 6l parts of benzoic acid. This reaction mass was stirred under a carbon di- O-(CHz) EXAMPLE 6 A mixture of parts Polyester prepolymer l 315 Methylethyl ketone 1500 Prepared by esterifying a terephthalic acid/isophthalic ucid/azelaic acid 33/l7l50 mixture with ethylene glycol. The product had a hydroxyl number of 4243.

was refluxed for one-half hour. One hundred eighty five parts of distillate were collected and discarded.

To this mixture were added, dropwise over 21 I5 minute period, 59.5 parts of phenyl isocyanate, followed by the addition of 5 drops of dibutyl tin dilaurate and refluxing for 2 hours.

This reaction mass was then added, dropwise over a oxide atmosphere at l90-200C. for 7% hours (water h |f hour period to 87 pans f toluene dii being removed during this time) and then cooled.

Fifty parts of the resulting material were dissolved in 150 parts of xylene. Six and four-tenths parts of thionyl chloride were added and the solution refluxed for 2 nate. To this were added 5 drops of dibutyl tin dilaurate, followed by 2 hours of refluxing.

This mixture was then cooled to room temperature and to it were added 73 parts of triethylene tetramine,

hours at 70C., under anhydrous conditions, while un f ll d by 3 hours f refluxing reacted thionyl chloride was removed by distillation.

The solution was then cooled and 3.92 parts of tris(2-aminoethyl)amine were added, with vigorous stirring for 2 hours. The solvent was then stripped off The resulting product had the structure n u i W; 'iocaacaz C @c-T H II f i i O by heating the solution to l00C. under a pressure of The resulting product had the structure What is claimed is: where a is 3 or 23 and n is about 26. l. A polymeric material of the formula 3. The polymeric material of claim 1 wherein B is a polyester segment prepared by esterifying a tereph- RU R4 thalic acid-isophthalic acid-azelaic acid 33:17:50 mix- 1 5 ture with ethylene glycol having a hydroxyl number of R2 N CH CU:- ll 2 B l I b where R R and R are hydrogen, alkyl radicals of 1 through 4 carbon atoms, CH CH NH or CH CH OH; R is hydrogen or an alkyl radical of l through 4 carbon atoms;

"H; l H 7r H H o 0 Fl l r; l

i n H H 'l '7 Y' H N+IH CH TZ r-r @N-C+0CH U;JC 'ccHqtH -c 91 3 d n r l' r p I n n I 00H m-I ccr'H -c c H 2 is a dicarbamoyl radical; B is a lactone, dicarboxylic acid/diol or hydroxycarboxylic acid polyester or copolyester segment; a is a number 1 through 2000; and b is l. 2. The polymeric material of claim 1 having the formula i-CH2) c -o--%c:sgl on a 

1. A POLYMERIC MATERIAL OF THE FORMULA
 2. The polymeric material of claim 1 having the formula
 3. The polymeric material of claim 1 wherein B is a polyester segment prepared by esterifying a terephthalic acid-isophthalic acid-azelaic acid 33:17:50 mixture with ethylene glycol having a hydroxyl number of 42-43. 